Justin is interested in stone and bone, particularly how these materials enter and exit the “social world” through the manufacture and discard of tools. He received both his M.A. (2021) and Ph.D. (2024) at the University of Kansas. His research examined the functional efficiency of Paleoindian lithic projectile points across a range of resharpening states, and the influence of projectile point mass on the external ballistics of spearthrower darts. Other research has focused on the identification of osseous spearthrower finger loops from Paleolithic France. Closer to home, Justin has a particular interest in the lithic technologies termed “Clovis” and “Folsom”, and wonders what the differences between them “mean”.